Here follows a list of the Twelvers imams
| Number | Name (Full/Kunya) | Title (Arabic/Turkish)[3] | Birth–Death (CE/AH)[4] | Importance | Birthplace (present day country) | Place of death and burial |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ali ibn Abu Talib علي بن أبي طالب Abu al-Hassan or Abu al-Husayn أبو الحسین or أبو الحسن | Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Faithful)[5] Birinci Ali[6] | 600–661[5] 23–40[7] | The first imam and successor of Muhammad in Shia Islam; however, the Sunnis acknowledge him as the fourth Caliph as well. He holds a high position in almost all Sufi Muslim orders (Turuq); the members of these orders trace their lineage to Muhammad through him.[5] | Mecca, Saudi Arabia[5] | Assassinated by Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam, a Kharijite in Kufa, who slashed him with a poisoned sword.[5][8] Buried at the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq. |
| 2 | Hassan ibn Ali الحسن بن علي Abu Muhammad أبو محمد | al-Mujtaba İkinci Ali[6] | 624–680[9] 3–50[10] | He was the eldest surviving grandson of Muhammad through Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah Zahra. Hasan succeeded his father as the caliph in Kufa, and on the basis of peace treaty with Muawiya I, he relinquished control of Iraq following a reign of seven months.[11] | Medina, Saudi Arabia[9] | Poisoned by his wife in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the orders of the Caliph Muawiya.[12] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi. |
| 3 | Husayn ibn Ali الحسین بن علي Abu Abdillah أبو عبدالله | Sayed al-Shuhada Üçüncü Ali[6] | 626–680[13] 4–61[14] | He was a grandson of Muhammad. Husayn opposed the validity of Caliph Yazid I. As a result, he and his family were later killed in the Battle of Karbala by Yazid's forces. After this incident, the commemoration of Husayn ibn Ali has become a central ritual in Shia identity.[13][15] | Medina, Saudi Arabia[13] | Killed on Day of Ashura (10 Muharram) and beheaded at the Battle of Karbala.[13] Buried at the Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala, Iraq. |
| 4 | Ali ibn al-Hussein علي بن الحسین Abu Muhammad أبو محمد | al-Sajjad, Zain al-Abedin[16] Dördüncü Ali[6] | 658-9[16] – 712[17] 38[16]–95[17] | Author of prayers in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, which is known as "The Psalm of the Household of the Prophet."[17] | Medina, Saudi Arabia[16] | According to most Shia scholars, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph al-Walid I in Medina, Saudi Arabia.[17] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi. |
| 5 | Muhammad ibn Ali محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far أبو جعفر | al-Baqir al-Ulum (splitting open knowledge)[18] Beşinci Ali[6] | 677–732[18] 57–114[18] | Sunni and Shia sources both describe him as one of the early and most eminent legal scholars, teaching many students during his tenure.[18][19] | Medina, Saudi Arabia[18] | According to some Shia scholars, he was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.[17] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi. |
| 6 | Ja'far ibn Muhammad جعفر بن محمد Abu Abdillah أبو عبدالله | al-Sadiq[20] (the Trustworthy) Altıncı Ali[6] | 702–765[20] 83–148[20] | Established the Ja'fari jurisprudence and developed the Theology of Shia. He instructed many scholars in different fields, including Abu Hanifah and Malik ibn Anas in fiqh, Wasil ibn Ata and Hisham ibn Hakam in Islamic theology, and Jābir ibn Hayyān in science and alchemy.[21] | Medina, Saudi Arabia[20] | According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Al-Mansur.[20] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi. |
| 7 | Musa ibn Ja'far موسی بن جعفر Abu al-Hassan I أبو الحسن الأول[22] | al-Kazim[23] Yedinci Ali[6] | 744–799[23] 128–183[23] | Leader of the Shia community during the schism of Ismaili and other branches after the death of the former imam, Jafar al-Sadiq.[24] He established the network of agents who collected khums in the Shia community of the Middle East and the Greater Khorasan.[25] | Medina, Saudi Arabia[23] | Imprisoned and poisoned in Baghdad, Iraq on the order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Buried in the Kazimayn shrine in Baghdad.[23] |
| 8 | Ali ibn Musa علي بن موسی [22] | al-Rida, Reza[26] Sekizinci Ali[6] | 765–817[26] 148–203[26] | Made crown-prince by Caliph Al-Ma'mun, and famous for his discussions with both Muslim and non-Muslim religious scholars.[26] | Medina, Saudi Arabia[26] | According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in Mashad, Iran on the order of Caliph Al-Ma'mun. Buried in the Imam Reza shrine in Mashad.[26] |
| 9 | Muhammad ibn Ali محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far أبو جعفر | al-Taqi, al-Jawad[27] Dokuzuncu Ali[6] | 810–835[27] 195–220[27] | Famous for his generosity and piety in the face of persecution by the Abbasid caliphate. | Medina, Saudi Arabia[27] | Poisoned by his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, in Baghdad, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tasim. Buried in the Kazmain shrine in Baghdad.[27] |
| 10 | Ali ibn Muhammad علي بن محمد Abu al-Hassan III أبو الحسن الثالث[28] | al-Hadi, al-Naqi[28] Onuncu Ali[6] | 827–868[28] 212–254[28] | Strengthened the network of deputies in the Shia community. He sent them instructions, and received in turn financial contributions of the faithful from the khums and religious vows.[28] | Surayya, a village near Medina, Saudi Arabia[28] | According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in Samarra, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tazz.[29] Buried in the Al Askari Mosque in Samarra. |
| 11 | Hassan ibn Ali الحسن بن علي Abu Muhammad أبو محمد | al-Askari[30] Onbirinci Ali[6] | 846–874[30] 232–260[30] | For most of his life, the Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mu'tamid, placed restrictions on him after the death of his father. Repression of the Shi'ite population was particularly high at the time due to their large size and growing power.[31] | Medina, Saudi Arabia[30] | According to Shia, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tamid in Samarra, Iraq. Buried in Al Askari Mosque in Samarra.[32] |
| 12 | Muhammad ibn al-Hassan محمد بن الحسن Abu al-Qasim أبو القاسم | al-Mahdi, Hidden Imam, al-Hujjah[33] Onikinci Ali[6] | 868–unknown[34] 255–unknown[34] | According to Twelver doctrine, he is the current imam and the promised Mahdi, a messianic figure who will return with Jesus. He will reestablish the rightful governance of Islam and replete the earth with justice and peace.[35] | Samarra, Iraq[34] | According to Shia doctrine, he has been living in the Occultation since 872, and will continue as long as God wills it.[34] |
ইউটিউবে সাবস্ক্রাইব করুন আমাদের চ্যানেলটি
0 comments: